History

Thoothukudi, known as the Pearl City, has a rich history shaped by ancient kingdoms and maritime trade. From the 7th century, it flourished under the Pandya Kingdom, becoming famous for its pearl fishing along the Gulf of Mannar. The Cholas later enhanced its trade networks and strengthened the port’s importance.

From the 1500s, Thoothukudi became a strategic center for European powers. The Portuguese arrived in 1532, the Dutch took control in 1658, and the British captured it in 1782. During British rule, the port grew rapidly, exporting pearls, salt, and textiles. The city also played a key role in India’s freedom struggle—V.O. Chidambaram Pillai launched the first Swadeshi shipping service here in 1907, marking a major milestone.

Thoothukudi district was officially formed on 20 October 1986, later renamed in 1997 to reflect its historic identity. Today, Thoothukudi stands as a unique blend of ancient heritage, colonial history, spiritual sites, and a modern industrial port, making it one of Tamil Nadu’s culturally vibrant coastal regions.